# Learn the terms > Every indicator, field and candlestick pattern the screener can scan — 57 terms, each with a working NSE scan. Canonical: https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn 57 terms: every indicator, field and candlestick pattern the screener can scan, each explained plainly. Each one carries a scan you can run and a count of what it matches today. 57 terms · 9 categories · every one runnable. See also the [language reference](https://dev.patternsradar.com/docs/sift.md) and the [scan library](https://dev.patternsradar.com/scans.md). ## Price (5 terms) - [Multi-year highs, lows and returns](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/multi-year-highs-and-lows.md): The highest high, lowest low, distance from either, and percentage return over any window of sessions. The 52-week versions are the stored special case, and any other span from a week to five years is computed at scan time from the same bars. - [52-week high and low](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/52-week-high-low.md): The 52-week high and low are the highest and lowest prices of the last 252 trading sessions, with companion fields giving today's close as a percentage distance from each extreme. - [Pivot points](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/pivot-points.md): Pivot points are support and resistance levels computed from the previous session's high, low and close, in the classic floor-trader formula: a central pivot with two resistance levels above it and two supports below. - [Heikin-Ashi candles](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/heikin-ashi.md): Heikin-Ashi candles are recomputed OHLC bars that average each candle with the one before it, smoothing out single-session noise so that runs of trend show as unbroken sequences of one colour. - [Gap up and gap down](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/gap-up-gap-down.md): A gap is the distance between today's open and yesterday's close. A gap up opens above the previous session's high and a gap down below its low, and the gap percentage is that distance as a share of the prior close. ## Volume & delivery (7 terms) - [Chaikin Money Flow (CMF)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/chaikin-money-flow.md): Chaikin Money Flow measures buying and selling pressure by where each session closes within its range, weighted by volume and averaged over 20 bars. Positive readings suggest accumulation, negative distribution. - [Delivery percentage](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/delivery-percentage.md): Delivery percentage is the share of a stock's daily traded volume actually transferred to demat accounts rather than squared off intraday, reported by the NSE at end of day for every listed stock. - [Relative volume (RVOL)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/relative-volume.md): Relative volume is today's traded volume divided by the stock's own 20-day average volume, so a reading of 2 means twice the stock's normal activity regardless of how large or small that normal is. - [Turnover](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/turnover.md): Turnover is the rupee value of a stock's daily trade, closing price multiplied by volume, and it is the standard liquidity measure for comparing activity across stocks at very different price levels. - [On-balance volume (OBV)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/on-balance-volume.md): On-balance volume is a running total that adds the day's full volume when the stock closes up and subtracts it when the stock closes down, tracking cumulative buying and selling pressure over time. - [Accumulation/Distribution line](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/accumulation-distribution.md): The accumulation/distribution line is a running total of volume weighted by where each close sits within that day's high-low range, crediting volume as buying when closes are near the high and selling when near the low. - [Force index](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/force-index.md): Force index multiplies each day's price change by its volume and smooths the result over 13 bars, measuring whether buyers or sellers currently have both direction and size behind them. ## Moving averages (7 terms) - [SMA (Simple Moving Average)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/sma.md): The simple moving average is the unweighted mean of a stock's closing prices over a chosen number of sessions. It smooths daily noise into one line showing where price has been trading. - [EMA (Exponential Moving Average)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/ema.md): The exponential moving average weights recent closes more heavily than old ones, so it tracks a turn in price sooner than a simple average of the same period. - [WMA (Weighted Moving Average)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/wma.md): The weighted moving average declines its weights linearly across the window, so the newest close counts most and the oldest counts least. It is the middle path between the SMA and the EMA. - [Hull Moving Average (HMA)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/hma.md): The Hull moving average is Alan Hull's low-lag average, built by combining weighted moving averages of different lengths so the line hugs price closely while staying smooth enough to read. - [TEMA (Triple EMA)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/tema.md): TEMA is the triple exponential moving average: three layers of EMA smoothing combined so that most of the lag the layering would normally add is cancelled out, giving a smooth line that still turns quickly. - [Wilder Moving Average (RMA)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/wilder-moving-average.md): The Wilder moving average, or RMA, is J. Welles Wilder's smoothing method, an exponential average with a gentler decay than a standard EMA. It is the smoothing running inside RSI, ATR and ADX. - [VWMA (Volume-Weighted Moving Average)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/vwma.md): The volume-weighted moving average weights each session's close by that session's volume, so the line gravitates toward the prices where the most shares actually changed hands. ## Momentum (9 terms) - [RSI (Relative Strength Index)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/rsi.md): RSI is Wilder's relative strength index, a momentum oscillator scaled 0 to 100 that measures how one-sided recent sessions have been by comparing the average size of up-closes to down-closes. - [RSI divergence](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/rsi-divergence.md): RSI divergence is a disagreement between price and momentum. Price makes a new low while RSI makes a higher low (bullish), or price makes a new high while RSI makes a lower high (bearish), signalling that the move is continuing with less force behind it. - [CCI (Commodity Channel Index)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/cci.md): The Commodity Channel Index measures how far the typical price has stretched from its own recent average, in units of its own typical deviation. It is unbounded, and ±100 marks unusual territory. - [MFI (Money Flow Index)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/mfi.md): The Money Flow Index is a volume-weighted version of RSI, an oscillator scaled 0 to 100 that compares money flowing in on up sessions to money flowing out on down ones over 14 bars. - [MACD](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/macd.md): MACD (moving average convergence divergence) tracks momentum as the gap between the 12 and 26-period EMAs of price, with a 9-period signal line and a histogram showing whether that gap is widening or shrinking. - [Stochastic oscillator](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/stochastic.md): The stochastic oscillator measures where the latest close sits inside the recent high-low range, scaled 0 to 100. Near 100 the stock is closing at the top of its range, near 0 at the bottom. - [Williams %R](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/williams-r.md): Williams %R measures where the latest close sits within the highest high and lowest low of the last 14 sessions, on a scale from 0 at the top of the range to -100 at the bottom. - [Stochastic RSI](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/stochastic-rsi.md): Stochastic RSI applies the stochastic formula to RSI itself rather than to price, measuring where RSI sits within its own recent range on a 0-100 scale. It is the most sensitive of the standard oscillators. - [Rate of change (ROC)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/rate-of-change.md): Rate of change is the percentage difference between today's price and the price 10 sessions ago. It is the rawest momentum measure on the site, with no smoothing and no transformation between price and reading. ## Trend (4 terms) - [ADX (Average Directional Index)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/adx.md): ADX is Wilder's average directional index, a 0–100 gauge of how strongly a stock is trending in either direction. It measures the trend's strength and says nothing about which way it points. - [Supertrend indicator](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/supertrend.md): Supertrend is an ATR-based trailing stop plotted on price: a band that trails below price in an uptrend and above it in a downtrend, flipping sides when price closes through it. - [Ichimoku Cloud](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/ichimoku.md): Ichimoku is a Japanese trend system built from range midpoints: a 9-period conversion line, a 26-period base line, and two span lines whose gap forms the cloud that price trades above, below, or inside. - [Aroon indicator](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/aroon.md): Aroon measures how recently a stock made its 25-bar high and low, on twin 0–100 scales. It is a trend gauge built entirely from the timing of extremes, ignoring the size of any move. ## Volatility (5 terms) - [ATR (Average True Range)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/atr.md): ATR is Wilder's average true range: the average size of a stock's daily trading range over 14 sessions, gaps included, expressed in rupees. It measures how much a stock moves and holds no view on direction. - [Bollinger Bands](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/bollinger-bands.md): Bollinger Bands are a volatility envelope around a 20-period simple moving average, set two standard deviations above and below it, so the bands widen when price swings grow and tighten when it goes quiet. - [Donchian channel](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/donchian-channel.md): The Donchian channel marks the highest high and lowest low of the last 20 sessions as an envelope around price, making the recent trading range itself a visible, screenable object. - [Keltner channel](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/keltner-channel.md): The Keltner channel is a volatility envelope around a 20-period EMA, set two average true ranges above and below it. It is Bollinger's idea breathing with traded range instead of statistical deviation. - [True range](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/true-range.md): True range is a single bar's real travel: the largest of the day's high-to-low span and the distances from either extreme back to the previous close, so overnight gaps count as movement. ## Candlestick patterns (14 terms) - [Doji candlestick](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/doji.md): A doji is a candle whose open and close are nearly equal, so the body is almost a flat line. Every push by buyers during the session was matched by sellers, which is read as indecision rather than direction. - [Hammer candlestick pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/hammer.md): A hammer is a candle with a long lower wick and a small body at the top of the range. Sellers drove price well below the open during the session and buyers took all of it back before the close. - [Shooting star candlestick](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/shooting-star.md): A shooting star is a candle with a long upper wick and a small body at the bottom of the range. Buyers pushed price well above the open and lost all of it by the close. - [Marubozu candlestick](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/marubozu.md): A marubozu is a candle with almost no wicks. The session opened at one extreme of the range and closed at the other, meaning one side controlled the tape from the first print to the last. - [Bullish engulfing pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/bullish-engulfing.md): A bullish engulfing is a two-candle pattern in which an up bar's body completely swallows the previous down bar's body. One session of buying overwhelms the whole of the prior session's selling. - [Bearish engulfing pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/bearish-engulfing.md): A bearish engulfing is a two-candle pattern in which a down bar's body completely swallows the previous up bar's body. One session of selling erases and overruns the whole of the prior session's buying. - [Bullish harami pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/bullish-harami.md): A bullish harami is a two-candle pattern in which a small up bar sits entirely inside the previous large down bar's body. After heavy selling, the decline simply failed to continue. - [Bearish harami pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/bearish-harami.md): A bearish harami is a two-candle pattern in which a small down bar sits entirely inside the previous large up bar's body. After strong buying, the advance failed to continue at the first opportunity. - [Morning star pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/morning-star.md): A morning star is a three-candle reversal: a strong down bar, a small-bodied pause, then a strong up bar closing through the midpoint of the first. Heavy selling, a stall, and buyers taking control, in that order. - [Evening star pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/evening-star.md): An evening star is a three-candle top: a strong up bar, a small-bodied pause, then a strong down bar closing through the midpoint of the first. Enthusiasm, doubt and exit, told across three sessions. - [Three white soldiers pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/three-white-soldiers.md): Three white soldiers are three consecutive strong up bars, each closing near its high. The run is difficult to produce by accident and is read as persistent demand rather than a spike. - [Three black crows pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/three-black-crows.md): Three black crows are three consecutive strong down bars, each closing near its low. Persistent, orderly selling with no panic in it, read as a campaign of distribution rather than a single bad day. - [Inside bar pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/inside-bar.md): An inside bar is a session whose entire high-to-low range fits within the previous bar's range. It is a one-day volatility contraction, the market pausing inside yesterday's boundaries before it picks a direction. - [Outside bar pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/outside-bar.md): An outside bar is a session whose range contains the whole of the previous bar's: a higher high and a lower low in one day. Both sides' levels were broken, and the close is the verdict. ## Derivatives (F&O) (2 terms) - [Open interest (futures OI)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/open-interest.md): Open interest is the number of futures contracts outstanding in a stock across all expiries, each one a long and a short who have not yet closed. Read alongside price, its day-over-day change says whether positions are being built or unwound. - [Put-call ratio (PCR)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/put-call-ratio.md): The put-call ratio is put open interest divided by call open interest across a stock's options and all expiries, so above 1 means more open puts than calls. A volume-based twin uses contracts traded rather than contracts outstanding. ## Fundamentals (4 terms) - [Promoter holding](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/promoter-holding.md): Promoter holding is the percentage of a company's shares held by its promoters, the founders or controlling group, as disclosed in the quarterly shareholding pattern. The quarter-on-quarter change shows whether they are buying or selling. - [P/E ratio (TTM)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/pe-ratio.md): The P/E ratio is a stock's price divided by its earnings per share over the trailing twelve months, or how many years of current profit the market is paying for. It is undefined for companies whose trailing earnings are negative. - [Market capitalisation](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/market-cap.md): Market capitalisation is a company's share price multiplied by its shares outstanding, the market's total valuation of the business. It is the standard measure of size, from large-cap through mid-cap to small-cap. - [Dividend yield](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/dividend-yield.md): Dividend yield is the cash a company paid per share over the trailing twelve months, counted by ex-date, divided by the current share price. It is the income a holder earns before any change in the price. --- Price and delivery data from the [eod2](https://github.com/BennyThadikaran/eod2) dataset: National Stock Exchange of India end-of-day files, split- and bonus-adjusted, updated after each close. Not affiliated with or endorsed by NSE. PatternsRadar is a research tool. Nothing here is investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell anything.