# Sift language reference

> The complete reference for Sift: clauses, fields, indicators, window functions, sugar and event operators for screening NSE equities.

Canonical: https://dev.patternsradar.com/docs/sift

A query is one condition, with optional clauses around it:

```sift
on daily
from NSE
where close > ema(21) > ema(50)
  and volume > 2x avg(volume, 20)
  and delivery_pct > 55
sort by turnover desc
top 25
```

Clauses may appear in any order, and a bare condition is a complete query. Newlines and indentation carry no meaning; `#` or `//` starts a comment. Sift is not Turing complete — no loops, no user-defined functions, no side effects — which is what lets the editor underline a mistake before anything runs, and lets the engine bound the cost of a scan before it starts.

## Overview

The common case is one line with no ceremony. Everything else is optional.

```sift
close > ema(21)
```

That is a complete query. It reads the latest bar of every stock in the universe and keeps the ones closing above their 21-day exponential moving average. There is no timeframe to declare, no `latest` to repeat, and no wrapper. The same three intents against Chartink, whose syntax makes you restate the timeframe on every term:

| Intent | Chartink | Sift |
|---|---|---|
| Close above the 20 EMA | `( {cash} ( latest close > latest ema( latest close , 20 ) ) )` | `close > ema(21)` |
| Volume twice its 20-bar average | `( {cash} ( latest volume > 2 * latest sma( latest volume , 20 ) ) )` | `volume > 2x avg(volume, 20)` |
| RSI crossed 60 in the last 3 bars | not expressible | `rsi(14) crossed above 60 within 3 bars` |
| Within 2% of the 52-week high | manual max plus arithmetic | `close within 2% of high_52w` |


## Query shape

| Clause | Purpose | Default |
|---|---|---|
| on | Candle timeframe. | daily — the only one this dataset carries |
| from | Which universe to scan: `NSE` (all equities) or `fno` (stocks with listed futures & options). | NSE |
| where | The condition. Optional keyword. | everything matches |
| sort by | Order the results by any expression. | turnover, descending |
| top | Row cap. | 300 |

`sort by` accepts any expression, not just a returned column — `sort by (close - ema(50)) / ema(50) desc` ranks by distance above the average.

## Fields — Price

| Field | Label | Description | Glossary |
|---|---|---|---|
| `close` | Close | Closing price, adjusted for splits and bonuses. | — |
| `open` | Open | Opening price. | [Gap up and gap down](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/gap-up-gap-down.md) |
| `high` | High | Session high. | — |
| `low` | Low | Session low. | — |
| `hl2` | HL2 | Midpoint of the session range. | — |
| `hlc3` | HLC3 | Typical price. | — |
| `ohlc4` | OHLC4 | Average of all four session prices. | — |
| `ha_open` | Heikin-Ashi open | Heikin-Ashi open — the average of the previous HA open and close. | [Heikin-Ashi candles](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/heikin-ashi.md) |
| `ha_high` | Heikin-Ashi high | Heikin-Ashi high. | [Heikin-Ashi candles](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/heikin-ashi.md) |
| `ha_low` | Heikin-Ashi low | Heikin-Ashi low. | [Heikin-Ashi candles](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/heikin-ashi.md) |
| `ha_close` | Heikin-Ashi close | Heikin-Ashi close — the average of the bar's four prices. | [Heikin-Ashi candles](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/heikin-ashi.md) |
| `high_52w` | 52-week high | Highest high of the last 252 sessions. The same as `highest_high(1y)`; write `highest_high(N)` for any other window. | [52-week high and low](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/52-week-high-low.md) |
| `low_52w` | 52-week low | Lowest low of the last 252 sessions. The same as `lowest_low(1y)`; write `lowest_low(N)` for any other window. | [52-week high and low](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/52-week-high-low.md) |
| `pct_from_52w_high` | % from 52w high | Distance below the 52-week high, as a negative percentage. The same as `pct_from_high(1y)`; write `pct_from_high(N)` for any other window. | [52-week high and low](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/52-week-high-low.md) |
| `pct_from_52w_low` | % from 52w low | Distance above the 52-week low, as a percentage. The same as `pct_from_low(1y)`; write `pct_from_low(N)` for any other window. | [52-week high and low](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/52-week-high-low.md) |
| `pivot` | Pivot point | Classic floor-trader pivot from the previous session. | [Pivot points](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/pivot-points.md) |
| `pivot_r1` | Pivot R1 | First resistance above the pivot. | [Pivot points](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/pivot-points.md) |
| `pivot_r2` | Pivot R2 | Second resistance above the pivot. | [Pivot points](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/pivot-points.md) |
| `pivot_s1` | Pivot S1 | First support below the pivot. | [Pivot points](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/pivot-points.md) |
| `pivot_s2` | Pivot S2 | Second support below the pivot. | [Pivot points](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/pivot-points.md) |

`price` is accepted as an alias for `close`, so `price between 50 and 5000` reads naturally. It is filtered out of the table above because it names the same column.

## Fields — Volume & delivery

| Field | Label | Description | Glossary |
|---|---|---|---|
| `volume` | Volume | Shares traded. | — |
| `turnover` | Turnover | Close × volume, in rupees. | [Turnover](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/turnover.md) |
| `trades` | Trades | Number of trades executed. | — |
| `delivery_pct` | Delivery % | Share of volume taken to demat rather than squared off intraday. High delivery on a rising day suggests genuine accumulation. | [Delivery percentage](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/delivery-percentage.md) |
| `delivery_qty` | Delivery quantity | Shares taken to demat. | [Delivery percentage](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/delivery-percentage.md) |
| `rel_volume` | Relative volume | Volume divided by its own 20-day average. 2 means twice normal. | [Relative volume (RVOL)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/relative-volume.md) |
| `obv` | On-balance volume | Running total of volume signed by the day's direction. | [On-balance volume (OBV)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/on-balance-volume.md) |
| `acc_dist` | Accumulation/Distribution | Running total weighted by where the close sits in the range. | [Accumulation/Distribution line](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/accumulation-distribution.md) |
| `cmf` | Chaikin money flow (20) | Accumulation/distribution normalised over 20 bars. Positive means buying pressure. | [Chaikin Money Flow (CMF)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/chaikin-money-flow.md) |
| `force_index` | Force index (13) | Price change times volume, smoothed over 13 bars. | [Force index](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/force-index.md) |

## Fields — Momentum

| Field | Label | Description | Glossary |
|---|---|---|---|
| `stoch_k` | Stochastic %K | Slow stochastic %K over 14 bars, smoothed by 3. | — |
| `stoch_d` | Stochastic %D | 3-bar average of stochastic %K. | — |
| `stoch_rsi` | Stochastic RSI | The stochastic oscillator applied to RSI itself. | [Stochastic RSI](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/stochastic-rsi.md) |
| `cci` | CCI (20) | Commodity Channel Index over the typical price. | [CCI (Commodity Channel Index)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/cci.md) |
| `williams_r` | Williams %R | Like the stochastic, scaled −100 to 0. | [Williams %R](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/williams-r.md) |
| `mfi` | Money flow index (14) | A volume-weighted RSI over the typical price. | [MFI (Money Flow Index)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/mfi.md) |
| `roc` | Rate of change (10) | Percentage change over 10 bars. | [Rate of change (ROC)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/rate-of-change.md) |

## Fields — Trend

| Field | Label | Description | Glossary |
|---|---|---|---|
| `adx` | ADX (14) | Trend strength, direction-agnostic. Above 25 is usually read as trending. | [ADX (Average Directional Index)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/adx.md) |
| `di_plus` | DI+ | Positive directional indicator. | — |
| `di_minus` | DI− | Negative directional indicator. | — |
| `supertrend` | Supertrend | ATR-banded trailing stop (10, 3). | [Supertrend indicator](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/supertrend.md) |
| `supertrend_dir` | Supertrend direction | +1 while Supertrend is bullish, −1 while bearish. | — |
| `psar` | Parabolic SAR | Parabolic stop-and-reverse (0.02, 0.2). | — |
| `aroon_up` | Aroon up | How recently the 25-bar high occurred. | [Aroon indicator](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/aroon.md) |
| `aroon_down` | Aroon down | How recently the 25-bar low occurred. | [Aroon indicator](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/aroon.md) |
| `aroon_osc` | Aroon oscillator | Aroon up minus Aroon down. | [Aroon indicator](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/aroon.md) |
| `ichimoku_conversion` | Ichimoku conversion | Tenkan-sen, the 9-bar midpoint. | — |
| `ichimoku_base` | Ichimoku base | Kijun-sen, the 26-bar midpoint. | — |
| `ichimoku_span_a` | Ichimoku span A | Cloud edge A, unshifted. | — |
| `ichimoku_span_b` | Ichimoku span B | Cloud edge B, unshifted. | — |

## Fields — Volatility

| Field | Label | Description | Glossary |
|---|---|---|---|
| `atr` | ATR (14) | Wilder's average true range over 14 bars. | [ATR (Average True Range)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/atr.md) |
| `true_range` | True range | This bar's true range. | [True range](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/true-range.md) |
| `bb_upper` | Bollinger upper | 20-period SMA plus two standard deviations. | — |
| `bb_mid` | Bollinger middle | 20-period simple moving average. | — |
| `bb_lower` | Bollinger lower | 20-period SMA minus two standard deviations. | — |
| `bb_pct_b` | Bollinger %B | Where the close sits within the bands: 0 at the lower, 1 at the upper. | — |
| `bb_width` | Bollinger width | Band separation as a fraction of the middle band. Low means a squeeze. | — |
| `donchian_upper` | Donchian upper | Highest high of the last 20 bars. | — |
| `donchian_mid` | Donchian middle | Midpoint of the Donchian channel. | — |
| `donchian_lower` | Donchian lower | Lowest low of the last 20 bars. | — |
| `keltner_upper` | Keltner upper | 20-EMA plus two ATRs. | — |
| `keltner_lower` | Keltner lower | 20-EMA minus two ATRs. | — |

## Fields — Performance

| Field | Label | Description | Glossary |
|---|---|---|---|
| `change` | 1-day change % | Percentage change against the previous close. The same as `return(1)`; write `return(N)` for any other span. | — |
| `return_1w` | 1-week return % | Percentage change over 5 sessions. | — |
| `return_1m` | 1-month return % | Percentage change over 21 sessions. | — |
| `return_3m` | 3-month return % | Percentage change over 63 sessions. | — |
| `return_6m` | 6-month return % | Percentage change over 126 sessions. | — |
| `return_1y` | 1-year return % | Percentage change over 252 sessions. The same as `return(1y)`; write `return(N)` for any other span, e.g. `return(3y)`. | — |

## Fields — Derivatives (F&O)

| Field | Label | Description | Glossary |
|---|---|---|---|
| `fut_oi` | Futures OI | Total futures open interest across all expiries, in contracts. | [Open interest (futures OI)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/open-interest.md) |
| `fut_oi_change_pct` | Futures OI change % | Day-over-day change in total futures OI. Read it with price: price up with OI up is long buildup, price down with OI up is short buildup. The drop after an expiry day is genuine, not noise. | [Open interest (futures OI)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/open-interest.md) |
| `fut_volume` | Futures volume | Futures contracts traded across all expiries. | — |
| `fut_basis_pct` | Futures basis % | Front-month futures premium (positive) or discount (negative) to the cash price, in percent. Compared on the raw price scale — corporate actions are bridged out. Reads near zero on expiry day by construction. | — |
| `fut_rollover_pct` | Rollover % | Share of futures OI already sitting in later expiries. On expiry day this is the classic rollover number the derivatives desks quote. | — |
| `pcr_oi` | Put-call ratio (OI) | Put OI divided by call OI across this stock's options, all expiries. Above 1 means more open puts than calls. NULL when no calls are open. | [Put-call ratio (PCR)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/put-call-ratio.md) |
| `pcr_vol` | Put-call ratio (volume) | Put contracts traded divided by call contracts traded, all expiries. | [Put-call ratio (PCR)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/put-call-ratio.md) |

## Fields — Fundamentals

| Field | Label | Description | Glossary |
|---|---|---|---|
| `marketcap` | Market cap | Close times shares outstanding, in rupees — write `marketcap > 5000cr`. The share count is restated onto the adjusted-price basis, so a split does not fake a jump. | [Market capitalisation](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/market-cap.md) |
| `pe` | P/E (TTM) | Price to trailing-twelve-month earnings, from the last four filed quarters as known on that date. NULL when TTM earnings are negative or not yet filed — a loss-maker has no P/E rather than a misleading one. | [P/E ratio (TTM)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/pe-ratio.md) |
| `eps_ttm` | EPS (TTM) | Trailing-twelve-month earnings per share, split-adjusted to match the adjusted price series (filed EPS is not — it is never used directly). Negative for loss-makers, NULL until four consecutive quarters are on file. | [P/E ratio (TTM)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/pe-ratio.md) |
| `revenue_growth_yoy` | Revenue growth YoY % | Latest filed quarter's revenue against the same quarter last year. | — |
| `profit_growth_yoy` | Profit growth YoY % | Latest filed quarter's net profit against the same quarter last year. NULL when the base quarter was a loss — growth from negative earnings is not a number. | — |
| `revenue_growth_qoq` | Revenue growth QoQ % | Latest filed quarter's revenue against the previous quarter. | — |
| `profit_growth_qoq` | Profit growth QoQ % | Latest filed quarter's net profit against the previous quarter. NULL when the base quarter was a loss. | — |
| `profit_cagr_2y` | Profit CAGR 2y % | Annualized growth in trailing-twelve-month net profit over two years — the shortest window where compounding says anything a single YoY does not. | — |
| `profit_cagr_3y` | Profit CAGR 3y % | Annualized growth in trailing-twelve-month net profit over three years. Wider coverage than the five-year window, and long enough to outlast one soft base year. | — |
| `profit_cagr_4y` | Profit CAGR 4y % | Annualized growth in trailing-twelve-month net profit over four years. | — |
| `profit_cagr_5y` | Profit CAGR 5y % | Annualized growth in trailing-twelve-month net profit over five years — the usual test of whether earnings compound or merely cycle. A company needs five unbroken years of filings on one basis to get a number; about half of covered names do. | — |
| `profit_cagr_6y` | Profit CAGR 6y % | Annualized growth in trailing-twelve-month net profit over six years. Sparse — few names have this much filed history yet. | — |
| `profit_cagr_7y` | Profit CAGR 7y % | Annualized growth in trailing-twelve-month net profit over seven years — the longest window the results store reaches, and the sparsest. | — |
| `revenue_cagr_2y` | Revenue CAGR 2y % | Annualized growth in trailing-twelve-month revenue over two years. | — |
| `revenue_cagr_3y` | Revenue CAGR 3y % | Annualized growth in trailing-twelve-month revenue over three years. | — |
| `revenue_cagr_4y` | Revenue CAGR 4y % | Annualized growth in trailing-twelve-month revenue over four years. | — |
| `revenue_cagr_5y` | Revenue CAGR 5y % | Annualized growth in trailing-twelve-month revenue over five years. Pair it with `profit_cagr_5y` to separate operating leverage from growth that only arrived through the top line. | — |
| `revenue_cagr_6y` | Revenue CAGR 6y % | Annualized growth in trailing-twelve-month revenue over six years. | — |
| `revenue_cagr_7y` | Revenue CAGR 7y % | Annualized growth in trailing-twelve-month revenue over seven years. | — |
| `interest_cost_growth_yoy` | Interest cost growth YoY % | Trailing-twelve-month finance costs against a year earlier. This is a proxy for the direction of borrowing, not a measure of it: quarterly filings carry a P&L and no balance sheet, so there is no debt figure here to read — flat interest beside growing profit is the shape of growth funded from earnings, and a jump is the shape of fresh debt. Read it against `pe` and a profit CAGR, exclude lenders (for a bank interest is the cost of goods, not leverage), and expect NULL when a quarter's finance-cost line is missing. | — |
| `promoter_pct` | Promoter holding % | Promoter shareholding from the latest pattern filed by that date. | [Promoter holding](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/promoter-holding.md) |
| `public_pct` | Public holding % | Public shareholding from the latest pattern filed by that date. | — |
| `fii_pct` | FII holding % | Foreign institutional holding from the latest pattern filed by that date. Sparse until the shareholding XBRL backfill completes. | — |
| `dii_pct` | DII holding % | Domestic institutional holding from the latest pattern filed by that date. Sparse until the shareholding XBRL backfill completes. | — |
| `promoter_pledged_pct` | Promoter pledged % | Share of the promoter stake pledged as collateral. Zero is the healthy reading; a rising number is the classic distress tell. | — |
| `promoter_change_qoq` | Promoter change QoQ | Percentage-point change in promoter holding against the previous quarter's pattern. Positive means promoters bought. | [Promoter holding](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/promoter-holding.md) |
| `dividend_ttm` | Dividends/share (1y) | Rupees per share paid over the trailing twelve months, by ex-date, on the same split-adjusted basis as close. Zero for a stock that paid nothing. The same as `dividend(1y)`; write `dividend(N)` for any span. | [Dividend yield](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/dividend-yield.md) |
| `dividend_yield` | Dividend yield % | Trailing-twelve-month dividends per share as a percentage of close. The same as `dividend_yield(1y)`. | [Dividend yield](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/dividend-yield.md) |
| `dividend_growth_yoy` | Dividend growth YoY % | Trailing-year dividends per share against the trailing year before it. Null when the earlier year paid nothing. The same as `dividend_growth(1y)`. | [Dividend yield](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/dividend-yield.md) |
| `dividend_streak_years` | Dividend streak (years) | Consecutive trailing years, counting back from today, in which the stock paid a dividend. Capped at 10, and a lower bound where the record starts in 2012. | [Dividend yield](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/dividend-yield.md) |

## Sectors & categories

Category fields hold a closed set of string values and are tested with `is`, `is not` or `in` — never arithmetic. Matching is case-insensitive; the compiler canonicalises onto NSE's official spelling.

| Form | Meaning |
|---|---|
| sector is "Information Technology" | Exactly this NSE sector. |
| sector is not "Financial Services" | Everything but this sector. |
| industry in ("Banks", "Finance") | Any of the listed industries. |
| macro_sector is "Consumer Discretionary" | The broadest tier, above sector. |

### Sector (`sector`, 22 values)

`Automobile and Auto Components`, `Capital Goods`, `Chemicals`, `Construction`, `Construction Materials`, `Consumer Durables`, `Consumer Services`, `Diversified`, `Fast Moving Consumer Goods`, `Financial Services`, `Forest Materials`, `Healthcare`, `Information Technology`, `Media Entertainment & Publication`, `Metals & Mining`, `Oil Gas & Consumable Fuels`, `Power`, `Realty`, `Services`, `Telecommunication`, `Textiles`, `Utilities`

### Macro sector (`macro_sector`, 12 values)

`Commodities`, `Consumer Discretionary`, `Diversified`, `Energy`, `Fast Moving Consumer Goods`, `Financial Services`, `Healthcare`, `Industrials`, `Information Technology`, `Services`, `Telecommunication`, `Utilities`

### Industry (`industry`, 58 values)

`Aerospace & Defense`, `Agricultural Commercial & Construction Vehicles`, `Agricultural Food & other Products`, `Auto Components`, `Automobiles`, `Banks`, `Beverages`, `Capital Markets`, `Cement & Cement Products`, `Chemicals & Petrochemicals`, `Cigarettes & Tobacco Products`, `Commercial Services & Supplies`, `Construction`, `Consumable Fuels`, `Consumer Durables`, `Diversified`, `Diversified FMCG`, `Diversified Metals`, `Electrical Equipment`, `Engineering Services`, `Entertainment`, `Ferrous Metals`, `Fertilizers & Agrochemicals`, `Finance`, `Financial Technology (Fintech)`, `Food Products`, `Gas`, `Healthcare Equipment & Supplies`, `Healthcare Services`, `Household Products`, `IT - Hardware`, `IT - Services`, `IT - Software`, `Industrial Manufacturing`, `Industrial Products`, `Insurance`, `Leisure Services`, `Media`, `Metals & Minerals Trading`, `Minerals & Mining`, `Non - Ferrous Metals`, `Oil`, `Other Construction Materials`, `Other Consumer Services`, `Other Utilities`, `Paper Forest & Jute Products`, `Personal Products`, `Petroleum Products`, `Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology`, `Power`, `Printing & Publication`, `Realty`, `Retailing`, `Telecom - Equipment & Accessories`, `Telecom - Services`, `Textiles & Apparels`, `Transport Infrastructure`, `Transport Services`

Classification is today's snapshot — NSE publishes no history, so a historical scan applies the current sector retroactively.

## Derivatives fields

Per-stock daily aggregates from the NSE F&O bhavcopy; OI is in contracts across all expiries. NULL for the ~1,800 stocks without listed derivatives — `from fno` scopes a scan to the ~200 that have them.

| Field | Meaning |
|---|---|
| fut_oi | Total futures open interest, in contracts. |
| fut_oi_change_pct | Day-over-day change in futures OI. Rising OI with rising price is a long buildup. |
| fut_volume | Futures contracts traded. |
| fut_basis_pct | Front-month futures premium (+) or discount (−) to cash. |
| fut_rollover_pct | Share of OI already in later expiries. |
| pcr_oi | Put-call ratio by open interest. |
| pcr_vol | Put-call ratio by contracts traded. |

## Fundamentals fields

Point-in-time: a scan sees the numbers as the market knew them on the scan date. A result filed after the 15:30 close is visible from the next session; a revision counts from its own filing date. Coverage is partial while the filings backfill completes — missing data is NULL and never matches.

| Field | Meaning |
|---|---|
| marketcap | Close × shares outstanding, in rupees — `marketcap > 5000cr`. |
| pe | Price to trailing-twelve-month earnings. NULL for loss-makers rather than a misleading number. |
| eps_ttm | Trailing EPS, split-adjusted to match the adjusted price series. |
| revenue_growth_yoy / profit_growth_yoy | Latest filed quarter against the same quarter last year. |
| revenue_growth_qoq / profit_growth_qoq | Latest filed quarter against the previous quarter. |
| profit_cagr_2y … profit_cagr_7y | Annualized profit growth over 2 to 7 years, trailing twelve months against the TTM N years earlier. NULL when the history is short or either end was a loss. |
| revenue_cagr_2y … revenue_cagr_7y | The same window on revenue — pair with the profit CAGR to see whether margins widened or only sales did. |
| interest_cost_growth_yoy | TTM finance costs against a year ago. A proxy for the direction of borrowing, not a debt figure — quarterly filings carry no balance sheet. |
| promoter_pct / public_pct / fii_pct / dii_pct | Shareholding from the latest pattern filed by the scan date. |
| promoter_pledged_pct | Share of the promoter stake pledged as collateral. |
| promoter_change_qoq | Percentage-point change in promoter holding vs the previous quarter. |
| dividend_ttm / dividend_yield | Rupees per share paid over the trailing year by ex-date, split-adjusted to match close, and that as a percentage of close. Non-payers read 0. |
| dividend_growth_yoy | Trailing-year dividends against the trailing year before. NULL when the base year paid nothing. |
| dividend_streak_years | Consecutive trailing years that paid, counting back from today. Capped at 10; the record starts in 2012. |
| dividend(Ny) / dividend_yield(Ny) | The same over any span of years — `dividend_yield(3y) > 9%`. One year reads the stored column; other spans are derived at scan time. |
| dividend_growth(Ny) / dividend_cagr(Ny) | Trailing-year dividends against the trailing year that ended N years ago: total change, and annualised. |
| dividend_years(Ny) | How many of the trailing N years paid — `dividend_years(5y) == 5` is a stock that never skipped. |

### Dividends

Dividends are counted by ex-date, in rupees per share on the same split-adjusted basis as `close`, so a yield survives a split. The dividend functions take a number of *years* rather than bars — `dividend(3y)`, `dividend_yield(1y)`, `dividend_cagr(5y)`, `dividend_years(5y)` — and any span from one to ten years is derived at scan time from the ex-date record; the one-year forms read the stored columns. A stock that paid nothing reads 0, not NULL, so `dividend_yield(1y) == 0` finds the non-payers. The record begins in 2012; a span reaching before it reads NULL rather than a partial total.

```sift
where dividend_yield(1y) > 3% and dividend_years(5y) == 5 and dividend_cagr(5y) > 5
sort by dividend_yield(1y) desc
```

## Indicators

Indicators take a period and read close — only close. A moving average of another series is a window function instead: `avg(high, 20)`, not `ema(high, 20)`.

The listed periods read a precomputed column and any other period is computed at scan time, so `ema(37)`, `adx(7)` and `bb(50, 2.5)` all work. Multi-output indicators use dot access and take their full parameter list — `macd(8, 21, 5)`, `supertrend(14, 2)` — and written bare, `macd()` keeps meaning the stored 12/26/9. Omitting the sub-field picks the one marked `(default)`.

The fixed-window price fields work the same way. Every one of them is the stored period of an indicator that takes any window: `high_52w` is `highest_high(1y)`, `return_1m` is `return(1mo)`, and `highest_high(3y)`, `return(2y)` or `pct_from_low(6mo)` are derived at scan time from the same bars. A period can be written as a duration — `lowest_low(5y)` — or as a bar count. The dividend functions count years instead (see Fundamentals).

| Indicator | Label | Periods | Members | Description | Glossary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `sma` | Simple moving average | 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 (any) | — | Unweighted mean close over the period. | [SMA (Simple Moving Average)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/sma.md) |
| `ema` | Exponential moving average | 9, 21, 50, 200 (any) | — | Exponentially weighted mean close, seeded from the SMA. | [EMA (Exponential Moving Average)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/ema.md) |
| `wma` | Weighted moving average | 20 (any) | — | Linearly weighted mean — the newest bar counts most. | [WMA (Weighted Moving Average)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/wma.md) |
| `hma` | Hull moving average | 21 (any) | — | Hull's low-lag moving average. | [Hull Moving Average (HMA)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/hma.md) |
| `tema` | Triple EMA | 20 (any) | — | Triple-smoothed EMA, with much of the lag removed. | [TEMA (Triple EMA)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/tema.md) |
| `rma` | Wilder moving average | 14 (any) | — | Wilder's smoothing, as used inside RSI and ATR. | [Wilder Moving Average (RMA)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/wilder-moving-average.md) |
| `vwma` | Volume-weighted moving average | 20 (any) | — | Mean close weighted by each bar's volume. | [VWMA (Volume-Weighted Moving Average)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/vwma.md) |
| `rsi` | RSI | 14 (any) | — | Wilder's relative strength index. | [RSI divergence](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/rsi-divergence.md) |
| `atr` | ATR | 14 (any) | — | Wilder's average true range. | [ATR (Average True Range)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/atr.md) |
| `adx` | ADX | 14 (any) | — | Trend strength, direction-agnostic. | [ADX (Average Directional Index)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/adx.md) |
| `cci` | CCI | 20 (any) | — | Commodity Channel Index. | [CCI (Commodity Channel Index)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/cci.md) |
| `mfi` | Money flow index | 14 (any) | — | Volume-weighted RSI. | [MFI (Money Flow Index)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/mfi.md) |
| `cmf` | Chaikin money flow | 20 (any) | — | Accumulation/distribution normalised over a window. | [Chaikin Money Flow (CMF)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/chaikin-money-flow.md) |
| `roc` | Rate of change | 10 (any) | — | Percentage change over the period. | [Rate of change (ROC)](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/rate-of-change.md) |
| `return` | Return | 1, 5, 10, 21, 63, 126, 252 (any) | — | Percentage change in close over the period. The listed periods read the stored return columns; any other, `return(3y)` say, is derived at scan time. | [Multi-year highs, lows and returns](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/multi-year-highs-and-lows.md) |
| `highest_high` | Highest high | 252 (any) | — | Highest high over the period. 252 reads the stored 52-week column; any other period is derived at scan time. | [Multi-year highs, lows and returns](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/multi-year-highs-and-lows.md) |
| `lowest_low` | Lowest low | 252 (any) | — | Lowest low over the period. 252 reads the stored 52-week column; any other period is derived at scan time. | [Multi-year highs, lows and returns](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/multi-year-highs-and-lows.md) |
| `pct_from_high` | % from highest high | 252 (any) | — | Distance below the highest high of the period, as a negative percentage. 252 reads the stored 52-week column. | [Multi-year highs, lows and returns](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/multi-year-highs-and-lows.md) |
| `pct_from_low` | % from lowest low | 252 (any) | — | Distance above the lowest low of the period, as a percentage. 252 reads the stored 52-week column. | [Multi-year highs, lows and returns](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/multi-year-highs-and-lows.md) |
| `williams_r` | Williams %R | 14 (any) | — | Like the stochastic, scaled −100 to 0. | [Williams %R](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/williams-r.md) |
| `macd` | MACD | — (any) | line (default), signal, hist | 12/26 EMA difference, with a 9-period signal line. | [MACD](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/macd.md) |
| `bb` | Bollinger bands | — (any) | upper, mid (default), middle, lower, pctb, width | 20-period SMA with two-standard-deviation bands. | [Bollinger Bands](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/bollinger-bands.md) |
| `stoch` | Stochastic | — (any) | k (default), d | Slow stochastic oscillator. | [Stochastic oscillator](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/stochastic.md) |
| `supertrend` | Supertrend | — (any) | value (default), dir, direction | ATR-banded trailing stop. | [Supertrend indicator](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/supertrend.md) |
| `donchian` | Donchian channel | — (any) | upper, mid (default), lower | The rolling 20-bar high/low envelope. | [Donchian channel](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/donchian-channel.md) |
| `keltner` | Keltner channel | — (any) | upper (default), lower | A 20-EMA with ATR-scaled bands. | [Keltner channel](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/keltner-channel.md) |
| `ichimoku` | Ichimoku | — (any) | conversion, base (default), span_a, span_b | Conversion, base and cloud edges. | [Ichimoku Cloud](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/ichimoku.md) |
| `aroon` | Aroon | — (any) | up, down, osc (default) | How recently the window's extremes occurred. | [Aroon indicator](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/aroon.md) |
| `dividend` | Dividends/share | 1y (any) | — | Rupees per share paid over the trailing N years by ex-date, split-adjusted to match close. Zero for a stock that paid nothing. | [Dividend yield](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/dividend-yield.md) |
| `dividend_yield` | Dividend yield | 1y (any) | — | Dividends per share over the trailing N years as a percentage of close. Over one year this is the ordinary dividend yield. | [Dividend yield](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/dividend-yield.md) |
| `dividend_growth` | Dividend growth | 1y (any) | — | Total change in trailing-year dividends per share against the trailing year that ended N years ago. Null when that base year paid nothing. | [Dividend yield](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/dividend-yield.md) |
| `dividend_cagr` | Dividend CAGR | 1y (any) | — | Annualised growth in trailing-year dividends per share over N years. Over one year it equals the total change. | [Dividend yield](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/dividend-yield.md) |
| `dividend_years` | Dividend-paying years | — (any) | — | How many of the trailing N years paid a dividend. `dividend_years(5y) == 5` is a stock that paid every year. | [Dividend yield](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/dividend-yield.md) |

## Candlestick patterns

Used as `pattern is <name>`, optionally `within N bars`.

| Pattern | Label | Description | Glossary |
|---|---|---|---|
| `doji` | Doji | Open and close nearly equal — indecision. | [Doji candlestick](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/doji.md) |
| `hammer` | Hammer | Long lower wick, small body at the top. | [Hammer candlestick pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/hammer.md) |
| `shooting_star` | Shooting star | Long upper wick, small body at the bottom. | [Shooting star candlestick](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/shooting-star.md) |
| `marubozu` | Marubozu | Almost no wicks — one side controlled the session. | [Marubozu candlestick](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/marubozu.md) |
| `bullish_engulfing` | Bullish engulfing | An up bar whose body swallows the previous down bar. | [Bullish engulfing pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/bullish-engulfing.md) |
| `bearish_engulfing` | Bearish engulfing | A down bar whose body swallows the previous up bar. | [Bearish engulfing pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/bearish-engulfing.md) |
| `bullish_harami` | Bullish harami | A small up bar contained inside the previous down bar. | [Bullish harami pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/bullish-harami.md) |
| `bearish_harami` | Bearish harami | A small down bar contained inside the previous up bar. | [Bearish harami pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/bearish-harami.md) |
| `morning_star` | Morning star | Down bar, pause, then a strong up bar through the midpoint. | [Morning star pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/morning-star.md) |
| `evening_star` | Evening star | Up bar, pause, then a strong down bar through the midpoint. | [Evening star pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/evening-star.md) |
| `three_white_soldiers` | Three white soldiers | Three consecutive strong up bars. | [Three white soldiers pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/three-white-soldiers.md) |
| `three_black_crows` | Three black crows | Three consecutive strong down bars. | [Three black crows pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/three-black-crows.md) |
| `inside_bar` | Inside bar | Range contained entirely within the previous bar's. | [Inside bar pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/inside-bar.md) |
| `outside_bar` | Outside bar | Range containing the whole previous bar's. | [Outside bar pattern](https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn/outside-bar.md) |

## Universes

The universe is a scan option rather than a clause — chosen in the toolbar, or passed as `universe` over the API. The tiers are ranked by 20-day average turnover, not by index membership:

- 100: Most traded 100 stocks by 20-day turnover
- 250: Most traded 250 stocks by 20-day turnover
- 500: Most traded 500 stocks by 20-day turnover
- 1000: Most traded 1000 stocks by 20-day turnover
- All: Every actively traded NSE equity

Tier 100 is the hundred most traded stocks, and is not the NIFTY 100. Do not confuse it with the `top` clause, which caps returned rows and has nothing to do with which stocks were scanned. `from fno` is the one universe written in the query: it narrows a scan to the ~200 stocks with listed futures & options.

## Window functions

| Function | Returns |
|---|---|
| avg(x, n) | Mean of x over the last n bars. |
| max(x, n) | Highest value of x over the last n bars. |
| min(x, n) | Lowest value of x over the last n bars. |
| sum(x, n) | Total of x over the last n bars. |
| stdev(x, n) | Population standard deviation of x. |
| median(x, n) | Median of x over the last n bars. |

A window returns nothing until it is full. Periods take natural units — `avg(volume, 20)`, `max(high, 20 bars)`, `min(low, 52w)`, `median(close, 3mo)`.

## Math functions

| Function | Returns |
|---|---|
| abs(x) | Distance of x from zero. |
| ceil(x) | x rounded up to a whole number. |
| floor(x) | x rounded down to a whole number. |
| round(x) | x rounded to the nearest whole number. |
| square(x) | x multiplied by itself. |
| sqrt(x) | Square root of x. Nothing where x is negative. |
| log(x) | Natural log of x. Nothing where x is zero or less. |
| log10(x) | Base-10 log of x. Nothing where x is zero or less. |
| greatest(a, b, …) | The largest of its values. |
| least(a, b, …) | The smallest of its values. |

These read one bar rather than a window, so they compose with everything — including inside a window, as `avg(abs(close - open), 20)`. Where a function is undefined — a negative square root, the log of zero — it returns nothing rather than failing the scan.

## Counting bars

| Function | Returns |
|---|---|
| count(cond, n) | How many of the last n bars matched. `count(close > open, 10) >= 7` is seven up days in ten. |
| countstreak(cond, n) | How many matched in a row, counting back from the scan bar. Stops at the first that did not. |

These take a condition where everything else takes a value, and they are the way to say "most of the last N bars" — `has been ... for N bars` demands every one. A bar whose condition is unknown counts as not matched, so a count is always a number from 0 to the window and never nothing.

## Time travel

| Written | Means |
|---|---|
| close | This bar — the scan date. |
| close[-1] | The previous bar. |
| prev close | The previous bar, spelled out. `prev` takes a field, not an expression. |
| close[-5] | Five bars ago. |
| avg(volume, 20)[-1] | The 20-bar average as of yesterday. |
| max(high, 20 bars)[-1] | The 20-bar high excluding today — a breakout level. |

Offsets are negative only. `close[1]` is rejected rather than read as the future — silently treating it as the past is how look-ahead bias gets into a scan.

## Operators

| Operators | Notes |
|---|---|
| > >= < <= = != | `=` is accepted as `==`. |
| + - * / | Division by zero yields no value rather than an error. |
| and  or  not | `and` binds tighter than `or`. Parenthesise when mixing. |
| ( ) | Grouping, for both conditions and arithmetic. |

Comparisons chain: `close > ema(21) > ema(50)` means each neighbouring pair must hold.

## Sugar

| Written | Equivalent to |
|---|---|
| volume > 2x avg(volume, 20) | volume > 2 * avg(volume, 20) |
| close > 5% above ema(50) | close > ema(50) * 1.05 |
| close < 3% below sma(200) | close < sma(200) * 0.97 |
| close within 2% of high_52w | close between high_52w * 0.98 and high_52w * 1.02 |
| price between 50 and 5000 | price >= 50 and price <= 5000 |
| price is not between 50 and 5000 | not (price >= 50 and price <= 5000) |
| close up 3% over 5 bars | (close - close[-5]) / close[-5] >= 0.03 |
| close down 2% over 5 bars | (close[-5] - close) / close[-5] >= 0.02 |
| close up 3% from prev close | (close - close[-1]) / close[-1] >= 0.03 |

These are not approximations. Each form is checked against its longhand equivalent in the test suite and must select exactly the same stocks.

Where two spellings mean the same thing, the block editor and the API's `normalized` field print one of them: `has stayed above` comes back as `has been above`, `crosses … within n bars` as `crossed … within n bars`, and `up 3% from prev close` as `up 3% over 1 bars`.

## Event operators

| Form | Example | True when |
|---|---|---|
| x crosses above y | sma(50) crosses above sma(200) | x is above y now and was at or below on the previous bar. |
| x crosses below y | close crosses below ema(21) | x is below y now and was at or above on the previous bar. |
| x crossed above y within n bars | rsi(14) crossed above 30 within 3 bars | That crossing happened on any of the last n bars. |
| x crosses above y within n bars | sma(50) crosses above sma(200) within 5 bars | The same thing — `crosses` and `crossed` both take a recency window. |
| x has been above y for n bars | close has been above ema(21) for 10 bars | x was above y on every one of the last n bars. |
| x has stayed above y for n bars | rsi(14) has stayed below 30 for 3 bars | `stayed` reads better after a level and means exactly `has been`. |
| x rising for n bars | volume rising for 3 bars | x increased on each of the last n bars. |
| x falling for n bars | close falling for 5 bars | x decreased on each of the last n bars. |
| x is highest in n | close is highest in 52w | No bar in the window has a higher x. |
| x is lowest in n | low is lowest in 20 bars | No bar in the window has a lower x. |
| x is not highest in n | close is not highest in 20 bars | The negation of the above — this bar does not set the extreme. |
| pattern is p | pattern is bullish_engulfing | The pattern was detected on the scan bar. |
| pattern is p within n bars | pattern is hammer within 2 bars | It was detected on any of the last n bars. |
| pattern is not p | pattern is not doji | Excludes a pattern rather than requiring one. |


## Numbers and literals

| Written | Value |
|---|---|
| 1k | 1,000 |
| 5L | 5,00,000 — five lakh |
| 2.5m | 25,00,000 |
| 10cr | 10,00,00,000 — ten crore |
| 1b | 100,00,00,000 |
| ₹500 / $50 | 500 / 50 — the symbol is read and discarded |
| 20 bars / 52w / 3mo | A duration, converted to trading sessions |
| d / w / mo / y | A day, week, month and year: 1, 5, 21 and 252 sessions. |

Durations convert at 252 sessions a year — 21 a month, 5 a week — so `52w`, `12mo` and `1y` are all 252 bars, and `max(high, 52w)` is exactly the stored `high_52w`. No term may reach back more than 1260 bars: `5y` is the widest window there is, and `6y` is refused. As an argument to a dividend function, a duration is read in whole years instead.

## Errors

| Written | Reported as | Hint |
|---|---|---|
| clos > 100 | Unknown field `clos` | Did you mean `close`? |
| sma > 100 | `sma` needs a period | Try `sma(5)`, `sma(10)`, `sma(20)`. |
| rsi(5000) > 50 | `rsi` period must be between 2 and 1260 | e.g. `rsi(14)`. |
| dividend(3mo) > 0 | `dividend` takes whole years, not 3mo | Write whole years, e.g. `dividend(1y)`. |
| close[1] > 100 | `[1]` looks like a future bar | Past bars are negative — write `[-1]` for 1 bar ago. |
| ema(high, 20) > 0 | `ema` is only precomputed over close | Write `ema(20)`, or use a window function such as `avg(high, 20)`. |
| min(low, 6y) > 0 | A 1512-bar window is too long | Windows reach back at most 1260 bars. |
| rsi(14) crosses 30 | `crosses` must be followed by `above` or `below` |  |
| on 15m where close > 100 | Timeframe `15m` is not available | This dataset is end-of-day only, so `on daily` is the only timeframe. |
| from BSE where close > 100 | Universe `BSE` is not available | Available universes: `NSE` (all equities) and `fno` (stocks with listed futures & options). |
| top 10% by marketcap | Percentile limits are not supported | Use a plain count, e.g. `top 25`. |
| pattern is wibble | Unknown pattern `wibble` |  |
| macd().wibble > 0 | `macd()` has no sub-field `wibble` | Available: line, signal, hist. |

A query the compiler refuses comes back as HTTP 200 with `ok: false` — a syntax error is a result, not a server failure.

## Limits

| Limit | What it bounds |
|---|---|
| 1260 bars of lookback | The furthest back any one term may reach — five years of sessions: a window length, a bar offset, an event window, or a window plus its offset. `5y` fits; `6y` does not. Dividend spans are counted in years against a separate table and are capped at 10. |
| 8,000 characters of source | The longest query the compiler accepts, in the browser and over the API alike. |
| 5,000 rows | The hard cap on `top`. A larger number is clamped rather than refused. |
| `top` defaults to 300 | And `sort by <expr>` with no direction sorts descending. |
| Indicator periods 2–1260 | Per-parameter bounds come from the catalog — `bb`'s standard deviation is 0.5–5, `supertrend`'s multiplier 0.5–10, and the recursive kernels (`stoch`, `keltner`, `aroon`) stop at 400. |

The lookback ceiling is what makes a scan's cost knowable before it runs: the analyser computes the deepest bar any term needs, so the engine reads that many and no more. `min(low, 3y)` is 756 bars and compiles; `min(low, 6y)` is 1512 and is refused with a span. A scan that reaches past a year of history reads proportionally more rows, and only that scan pays for it.

## Data caveats

| Caveat | The honest version |
|---|---|
| F&O coverage | Roughly 200 NSE stocks have listed derivatives. Everywhere else the F&O fields are NULL and never match — `from fno` makes the scope explicit. |
| Fundamentals coverage | The filings backfill is in progress; a stock without parsed results has NULL P/E and growth, and never matches those conditions. Coverage rises weekly. |
| Institutional holdings | Promoter and public shares of equity are filed every quarter and are the two the shareholding view is built on. FII, DII, employee-trust and pledge percentages come from a separate filing stage whose backfill has reached about 1% of instruments — they are NULL almost everywhere, including for the largest companies on the exchange, and never match. |
| Quarterly results | The per-quarter profit and loss starts in 2017 and the shareholding pattern in 2015. NSE's quarterly filings carry a P&L only, so there is no balance sheet, cash flow, debt or return-on-capital figure anywhere in this dataset. |
| Sector history | Classification is today's snapshot — NSE publishes no history. A historical scan or hit-rate replay applies the current sector retroactively. |
| OI units | Open interest is in contracts, summed across expiries, both before and after a lot-size revision — the unit NSE actually publishes. |

## Worked examples

**52-week high breakout** — A close at the highest level in a year, on volume half again its own 20-day average. The Darvas entry, written out.

```sift
where close is highest in 52w and rel_volume > 1.5
```

**Within 3% of the 52-week high** — Within 3% of the yearly high and above the 50-day EMA. Plenty of traders prefer this to the breakout candle itself.

```sift
where close within 3% of high_52w and close > ema(50)
```

**Volume breakout** — Twice the 20-day average volume with a gain over 3%. Something changed today.

```sift
where volume > 2x avg(volume, 20)
  and change > 3
  and close > sma(20)
```

142 more, each with a hit rate over a year of history: https://dev.patternsradar.com/scans.md.

## Not supported

| Feature | Why not |
|---|---|
| on 15m / 1h / weekly | The dataset is end-of-day only. `on daily` is the only timeframe. |
| and on daily: … | Inline multi-timeframe scopes need a second timeframe to scope to, and there is only one. |
| from BSE / US / NIFTY500 | NSE only, and there is no index-constituent list to filter by. `from fno` is the one list-like universe. |
| from NSE except … / watchlist "…" | Set subtraction and user lists are not implemented; `except` is reserved but unused. |
| vwap | Needs intraday data, which end-of-day bars cannot provide. |
| ema(high, 20) | Indicators read close only. For another series use a window function — `avg(high, 20)`. |
| close 3 bars ago | The English offset was dropped for one spelling. Write `close[-3]`. |
| … as golden / … since golden | Event sequencing — one condition holding after another — is not implemented. `as` and `since` are reserved but unused. |
| scan "name" { … } | A query is the scan. Naming and saving one is an account action, not syntax. |
| per-strike option screening | F&O fields are per-stock daily aggregates. Strike-level OI is a chain view, not a screener column. |
| pattern is … forming | Geometric pattern detection with a confidence score is not built. Only completed candlestick patterns are available. |
| backtest { } / alert { } | Not implemented. The hit-rate panel on each scan is the nearest thing. |
| top 10% by … | Percentile limits are rejected; use a plain count. |

## API & MCP

Everything on this page works without the browser. A scan is one POST with the Sift source in the body, and the MCP endpoint gives a coding agent this whole reference as a tool — so Claude Code or Codex can write and run scans against your account unaided. Keys are free on every plan. [Read the API & MCP docs](https://dev.patternsradar.com/docs/api.md).

Rows with a glossary link have a full entry explaining the term — 57 of them, indexed at https://dev.patternsradar.com/learn.md. Runnable examples live on the rendered page: https://dev.patternsradar.com/docs/sift.

---

Price and delivery data from the [eod2](https://github.com/BennyThadikaran/eod2) dataset: National Stock Exchange of India end-of-day files, split- and bonus-adjusted, updated after each close. Not affiliated with or endorsed by NSE. PatternsRadar is a research tool. Nothing here is investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell anything.